Brazil’s climate policies are often associated with its efforts to curb emissions resulting from the deforestation of the Amazon forest. This working paper reviews Brazil’s exiting climate policies and governance structures, many of which target emissions resulting from deforestation. However, the paper reveals that, if the current objective to reduce emissions resulting from deforestation is met and if no additional policies and measures are implemented in other sectors, energy emissions could overtake forest emissions by 2030, resulting in an increase in Brazil’s national emissions. Therefore, the authors call for a more ambitious energy and climate policy during the coming decade.