In Colombia, agriculture is an economic mainstay, creating direct employment for much of the country’s population. Agriculture’s dependence on predictable seasonal patterns leaves many communities vulnerable to climate change. This ‘Inside story on climate compatible development’ by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network provides an overview of a project in Colombia’s upper Cauca river basin has taken a new approach to vulnerability assessment, as well as key considerations for vulnerability analyses that are inclusive, integrated and sensitive to social and political complexities. The brief highlights that participatory interdisciplinary approaches, knowledge sharing and sustained commitment are fundamental to the success of vulnerability assessment methods.