According to this report, five countries of Central Asia--Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, located in the heart of the Eurasian continent--are characterized by arid climate conditions. Climate change phenomena such as increasing air temperatures, strong droughts and dry winds, have an impact on balance of water resources, soil conditions, crop yields, pasture productivity, conditions of natural ecosystems and human health. This report highlights trends and impacts of climate change, consequences of climate change and adaptation issues, current mechanisms and actions on adaptation, gaps in adaptation policies, and recommendations for a way forward.