As a landlocked country, Mali is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate stress due to its socio-economic status, geographic location and climate-sensitive economy. Two thirds of the country is located in the arid Sahara and semi-arid Sahel. Mali is exposed to recurrent extreme events, including severe droughts with variable rainfall and catastrophic floods.
The coastal zone is one of the nation's greatest environmental and economic assets of Liberia. However, the evolution of coastline variations is considered as one of the most dynamic processes affecting this area. Liberia has initiated its Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) in 2019. Integrated Coastal Zone Management has been identified as one of the three and the most important technologies priorities for the country along with Flood Early Warning System and Armour or Rock Revetment.
Agricultural production accounts for 12,9% of Indonesia’s growth domestic product and 43,3% of total employment. However, Indonesia’s agriculture has faced some challenges such as reduction of arable land and climate change on one hand, and the fast-growing population on the other hand. As an archipelagic country, Indonesia has a high risk resulting from the impacts of climate change.
Georgia is exposed to hydrometeorological hazards and natural disasters. Frequent natural disasters include landslides, floods, flash-flooding, mudflows, droughts, avalanches, heavy winds and storms. In recent years, the number of natural disasters has increased nearly three times and, in many cases, have been considered as catastrophic, causing fatalities and leading to significant economic losses.
Paraguay is a landlocked developing country with a highly dependent economy on the primary sector, which makes it highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as temperature increase, pattern change in rainfall, and intensity and frequency increase of extreme weather events.