This report highlights two underutilized but fully implementable technologies that efficiently integrate heat and electricity systems, provide flexibility and enhance energy security. It examines what restricts co‑generation and efficient district heating and cooling systems that can help de-carbonize the energy system.
Wind water pumping
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Small-scale private irrigation schemes have been the driving force behind the expansion of irrigated areas in Nigeria, despite government efforts to promote large-scale public irrigation schemes. This article empirically assesses the effect of unobserved transaction costs for Nigerian farmers" when investing in irrigation pumps, using the baseline survey data for the Second Fadama Development Program (Fadama II).