The role of women in environmental decision-making has yet to be properly evaluated. This publication reports on the regional seminar and project ?Gender Mainstreaming Policy into the Framework of 'Environment for Europe' Process". It highlights the problem of women's access to and control over resources ignored by the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), and the lack of attention given to gender issues in the UN Economic Commission for Europe.

Fulfilment of the pledges signed by 42 developed countries is estimated to reduce emissions by up to 4 billion tons (Gt) of CO2e in 2020. This is about one third of the estimated 12 Gt of CO2e emissions reductions that would be needed to remain on a path consistent with keeping warming below 2°C. Unfortunately, weaknesses in international emissions accounting could substantially weaken these already insufficient pledges, negating much if not all of their intended emissions benefits.

This paper looks at the likely future of Joint Implementation (JI) in the fight against climate change. It also compares JI to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and evaluates how things have been going so far for JI. The paper explains that JI is effectively an alternative project-based mechanism for trading emissions between countries with a cap. Instead of directly purchasing emission rights, i.e. assigned amount units (AAUs), a country gains emitting permits through funding a part of a project activity which reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or enhances removals by sinks.

The demand for energy across the globe continues to grow. Cities account for approximately two thirds of energy consumed worldwide and 70 % of the greenhouse gas emissions related to people. Energy prices have experienced nothing but growth for years now. Even in places where prices for electricity and heating appear low from a customer standpoint, subsidies actually end up footing the bill in many cases, which are in turn covered by national budgets that are funded by tax payers.

Over the last several years, municipal energy and climate protection management has become a central working area within German development cooperation. Municipalities are faced with immense and multi-faceted challenges: increased spending on energy is a strain on the inhabitants as well as public budgets. As a result, many municipalities are witnessing growing engagement in the area of climate protection.

The 193 individual country profiles capture the status and progress of all UN Member States, and the 80+ indicators include a wealth of information on child, adolescent and adult anthropometry and nutritional status, in addition to intervention coverage, food supply, economics, and demography. This tool is particularly useful for nutrition champions at the country-level, as it presents a wide range of evidence needed to assess country progress in improving nutrition and nutrition-related outcomes.

Improve the institutional capacity of local and national governments to formulate policies that promote the development and implementation of residential energy efficiency projects, especially for multifamily buildings where there is a high concentration of vulnerable (low income) households.