This Technology Transfer Advances Bhutan's
- Nationally Determined Contribution to promote a low carbon transport system by use of appropriate intelligent transport systems and improved mass transit.
Improved air traffic management techniques like to avoid flying holding patterns, “green landings” and the use of relatively low speed airplanes for domestic aviation can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases substantially. Depending on their penetration up to 3% CO2 emission reduction can be achieved for green landings and 10-60% CO2 emission reduction for low speed airplanes. Moreover, these techniques will lower the NOx and soot emissions, thereby improving the air quality around the airport.
This article presents readers with the option of retaining three-wheeler taxis – with attention to better technology, maintenance and regulation – on the grounds that they perform a valuable role in the localities where they exist, and if they were removed the vehicles and travel practices that replaced them would produce increased congestion, road injuries and fatalities, air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On these grounds, localities that do not have three-wheeler taxis might even consider introducing newer, cleaner-technology versions of them.
This paper introduces a GIS framework (Polyscape) designed to explore spatially explicit synergies and trade-offs amongst ecosystem services to support landscape management (from individual fields through to catchments of ca 10,000 km2 scale). Algorithms are described and results presented from a case study application within an upland Welsh catchment (Pontbren). Polyscape currently includes algorithms to explore the impacts of land cover change on flood risk, habitat connectivity, erosion and associated sediment delivery to receptors, carbon sequestration and agricultural productivity.
This rapid desk-based study provides evidence for understanding the relative strength of climate signals compared to other expected development results. The report summarises overall findings in a ‘traffic light’ rating (red, amber, green) and sets out some of the contested nature of findings. It also summarises the evidence to understand climate signals as drivers of development. The work is intended to help decision makers understand some of the trends that are arising, and how this is impacting vulnerability to climate change in specific contexts.