There is a growing realisation amongst ecologists and economists that mobile pastoralists are the best custodians of drylands environments. However, grabbing of pastoralists’ traditional land for the commercial farming, which has widely been adopted as a development and investment strategy in Sudan, is increasing both resource conflict and environmental degradation. This research aims to provide evidence-based information by mapping out the encroachment of large-scale agriculture into transhumance migration routes in Gadarif State in eastern Sudan.