This report highlights two underutilized but fully implementable technologies that efficiently integrate heat and electricity systems, provide flexibility and enhance energy security. It examines what restricts co‑generation and efficient district heating and cooling systems that can help de-carbonize the energy system.
Solar water pumps
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Background
The Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) in South Africa covers Port Elizabeth as well as the towns of Uitenhage and Despatch. The area is experiencing serious drought conditions so there is an urgent need to save water and reduce the base load on the grid through technical and institutional improvements especially in the current pumping regimen.
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This report is a review of irrigation technologies for smallholders in the context of improving rural livelihoods, especially in regards to the prospects for sub-Saharan Africa. The role of traditional technologies is evaluated and modern water distribution technologies, such as sprinkler and trickle irrigation, are reviewed. Low-cost irrigation systems, including such innovations as the use of treadle pumps and drip-kits are then examined.