This paper models the costs and benefits of setting a target of generating 15% of South Africa’s electricity from renewable sources by 2020. The modelling results show that the most promising scenario is a mix of solar thermal and wind, which benefits both from the lower cost of wind and the ability of solar thermal plants to contribute to peak demand.Key findings of the study are:

Against this background, this report (1) analyses and draws lessons from the efforts of some developed countries and adapts them to the characteristics of developing economies; (2) assesses the cost reduction potential and economic and financial affordability of various technologies in emerging markets; (3) evaluates the potential for cost reduction and associated economic benefits derived from local manufacturing and (4) suggests ways to tailor bidding models and practices, bid selection criteria and structures for power purchase agreements (PPAs) for concentrating solar thermal power (CST

Africa's renewable energy power potential is substantially larger than the current and projected power consumption of the continent. Local geothermal, solar thermal and bioenergy resources have an important role to play in covering future heat demand. Domestic biofuels and renewable energy-based electrification of urban public transport can contribute significantly to transport needs.

GIZ (former GTZ) Proklima has compiled this publication to provide information on natural foam blowing agents as ozone- and climate-friendly alternatives to HCFCs. The first section of the book covers policy-related aspects of technology transition towards natural foam blowing agents and examines the impact legislative changes have on development and adoption of alternative technologies. The second part deals with the use of natural blowing agents in rigid and XPS foam, the conditions for conversion and special technologies. Part 3 comprises case studies from developing countries.

This presentation introduces the value of the integrated grid.