Context
Belgrade's district heating (DH) system is one of the largest in Europe with a total network length of 1420 km and capacity of over 2800 MW. The majority of the network is run on the natural gas boilers and fuel oil boilers with no waste heat from cogeneration or other sources being used and very little renewables (0,75% of capacity). Energy efficiency of the building stock is quite low, and the intensity of energy consumption is high. The city needs harmonized approaches to efficiency.