Scrap preheating for iron and steel

Foolad Technic is an international engineering company, rendering services in industrial and development projects in the form of feasibility studies, management, engineering, procurement & construction on turn-key basis or in level of local and foreign markets through efficient conducting investments of private and government sectors.

Brazil has more than 50 million old household refrigerators. Most of these are energy-inefficient and still contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are ozone layer depleting gases having also an extremely high global warming potential (GWP). Currently, scrap collectors (so called catadores) collect old refrigerators from slum areas (favelas) and dismantle them in order to recover and sell any valuable materials such as metals and plastics. In this process, the CFCs from the refrigeration circuits and insulation foams are released into the atmosphere.

According to the present invention an improved photoimagable cationically polymerizable epoxy based solder mask is provided that contains a non-brominated epoxy resin system and from about 0.1 to about 15 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin system of a cationic photoinitiator. The non-brominated epoxy-resin system has solids that are comprised of from about 10% to about 80% by weight of a polyol resin having epoxy functionality; from about 0% to about 90% by weight of a polyepoxy resin; and from about 25% to about 85% by weight of an difunctional epoxy resin.

Using a solar lamp design locally designed and assembled from plastic and scrap metal and panel cells.

A small-scale approach to making wheels using a jig

The new edition of our BIR ferrous report "World Steel Recycling in Figures," which covers the five-year period between 2008 and 2012, highlights the importance of scrap as a global raw material for the world"s steelworks and foundries. Market developments in 2012 highlighted the global importance of scrap as an ecologically beneficial raw material for steelworks and foundries and at the same time underlined the need for a free world raw material market.

The goal of this report is to provide an understanding of global non-ferrous metal scrap flows in the context of non-ferrous industry developments over the 2000 to 2011 period. The focus of this study is on copper and aluminium as the two largest non-ferrous metals in terms of both material tonnages and market value. The report consists of four chapters. The first chapter, presented here, provides a brief backdrop to the analysis on non-ferrous scrap flows. It outlines growth in metal demand and the underlying reasons for this growth.

Molten steel is produced by the converter process. This device recovers and uses the high temperature waste gas generated in large quantity during blowing in the converter (basic oxygen furnace: equipment used to produce crude steel from pig iron, steel scrap, etc.). Accompanying this process, about 100Nm3 of high temperature gas (CO) with a heating value of approximately 2,000 kcal/Nm3 is generated.

Because the preheating shaft and melting chamber are directly and rigidly connected, the scraps are continually present from the steel to preheating areas. This enables high-temperature preheating of the scraps, resulting in a significant reduction of power consumption.
The melting chamber is sealed off from outside air, to prevent the excess air inlet. It prevents over oxidation of scrap under high temperature preheating. As this equipment keeps always flat bath operation, electrode consumption is significantly improved.