Scrap preheating for iron and steel

Foolad Technic is an international engineering company, rendering services in industrial and development projects in the form of feasibility studies, management, engineering, procurement & construction on turn-key basis or in level of local and foreign markets through efficient conducting investments of private and government sectors.

A small-scale approach to making wheels using a jig

Steel is by far the world’s most important metal, with a global production of 1120 Million Metric ton (MMt) in 2009 (Worldsteel, 2010). In september 2010 the most important steel producers were China (42, 90 %), EU-27 (12, 79 %), Japan (8, 26 %), USA (5, 95 %) and India (5, 05 %) (Worldsteel, 2010). Figure 1 shows the development of world steel production since 1999. Clearly, China has become the dominant steel producer.

Brazil has more than 50 million old household refrigerators. Most of these are energy-inefficient and still contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are ozone layer depleting gases having also an extremely high global warming potential (GWP). Currently, scrap collectors (so called catadores) collect old refrigerators from slum areas (favelas) and dismantle them in order to recover and sell any valuable materials such as metals and plastics. In this process, the CFCs from the refrigeration circuits and insulation foams are released into the atmosphere.

One of the most abundant metals on earth aluminum composes 8% of the earth’s crust in oxide or silicate form. Twenty-nine million tons of aluminum are needed to meet annual worldwide demands. Of this twenty-two million tons are new aluminum and seven million tons comes from recycled aluminum scrap. Of the twenty-two million tons of new aluminum used annually only 50% of it is ever recycled. New aluminum is made from bauxite which is energy intensive and utilizes a costly electrolyte and forms dross as a by-product.

According to the present invention an improved photoimagable cationically polymerizable epoxy based solder mask is provided that contains a non-brominated epoxy resin system and from about 0.1 to about 15 parts by weight per 100 parts of resin system of a cationic photoinitiator. The non-brominated epoxy-resin system has solids that are comprised of from about 10% to about 80% by weight of a polyol resin having epoxy functionality; from about 0% to about 90% by weight of a polyepoxy resin; and from about 25% to about 85% by weight of an difunctional epoxy resin.

Using a solar lamp design locally designed and assembled from plastic and scrap metal and panel cells.

The new edition of our BIR ferrous report "World Steel Recycling in Figures," which covers the five-year period between 2008 and 2012, highlights the importance of scrap as a global raw material for the world"s steelworks and foundries. Market developments in 2012 highlighted the global importance of scrap as an ecologically beneficial raw material for steelworks and foundries and at the same time underlined the need for a free world raw material market.

Molten steel is produced by the converter process. This device recovers and uses the high temperature waste gas generated in large quantity during blowing in the converter (basic oxygen furnace: equipment used to produce crude steel from pig iron, steel scrap, etc.). Accompanying this process, about 100Nm3 of high temperature gas (CO) with a heating value of approximately 2,000 kcal/Nm3 is generated.