This report provides a detailed overview of the national circumstances, emission levels, mitigation potential and measures for the major developing countries of Brazil, China, India, Mexico, South Africa and South Korea.These countries account for more than 50% of non-Annex I parties’ emissions.

Effective responses to climate change require efforts by both the public and private sectors to develop and disseminate new environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) on a global scale, as well as to adapt them to local needs. However, due to a number of market failures and specific uncertainties, the spread of green technologies is less than optimal, which necessitates additional incentives. Based on a review of recent literature, the present Global Challenges

This brief explores the different types of market-based climate mitigation policies being implemented across five different emerging economies: China, India, Brazil, South Africa and South Korea. Market-based policies work through raising the costs of emitting greenhouse gases and/or reducing the costs of producing or consuming lower emitting alternatives. In adjusting incentives, these policies are designed to change the behaviour of companies and individuals so that supply and demand can be directed toward low emission strategies.