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Osmotic power, salinity gradient power or blue energy is the energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water.

Osmotic power

  • Date of submission
    Phase
    Completed
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    This Technology Transfer Advances Bangladesh's

    Context

  • Date
    - Europe/Copenhagen
    Country
    Thailand

    Representatives of 16 countries attended the 11-13 July Regional Forum for National Designated Entities in Asia organized by the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to promote information exchange and capacity building on climate technologies and finance.

  • Background: Mass cultivation of algae for biofuel production has focused on the use of open ponds or closed bioreactors. Both approaches depend upon routine liquid culturing of the algae and require the removal of large quantities of water at the time of cell harvesting and subsequent extraction of desired products. This invention proposes the use of porous inert membranes to support the growth and subsequent harvesting of the algae.

  • Objective

    Electricity generation through the use of salinity gradients between salt and fresh water is a relatively new concept. While discovered and discussed in the 1970s, research has been slow and most of it only recently. Two practical methods concerning membrane technology are currently being researched: the reverse electrodialysis (RED) method and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Both technologies are dependent on the semi permeable membrane. A semi-permeable membrane is selective in its permeability, i.e. only specific substances can pass through the membrane.

  • Publication date
    Objective

    This article presents a case study of arid land salinization in the Siwa Region of Egypt. Based on an analysis of satellite images taken between 1987 and 2003), and field observations, are used to characterize alterations in vegetation cover and provide evidence for locating possible future changes due to soil salinity. Results found that an observed acceleration in the rate of soil salinization and vegetation death was related to the relative climate warming, improper establishment of drainage systems set and the absence of an effective water resource management plan.

  • Publication date
    Objective

    This paper assessed the economics of investing in suspended shade-cloth covers (SSCCs) in agricultural water reservoirs (AWRs) to reduce evaporation losses and save water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. In particular, authors examine the use of SSCCs in the Segura River Basin (southeastern Spain). The decision to install a cover depends on the potential evaporation losses, reservoir characteristics, cover effectiveness, the value of water, filtration requirements, water salinity, government subsidies and the installation, operation and maintenance costs.

  • Publication date
    Objective
    Sectors

    This publication provides a specific example of assessing the impacts of climate change on the water sector infrastructure in Khulna, Bangladesh, by developing the climate change and socioeconomic development scenarios for 2030 and 2050, and running mathematical models to obtain the level of salinity in river water--where the proposed intake for water supply is located--and the extent of waterlogging in the city. The study then identifies and makes a financial evaluation on adaptation options to cope with the impacts.

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    Objective
    Sectors

    This article examines the environmental and socioeconomic consequences of hydraulic infrastructural changes along the Senegal River valley and estuary. It examines the impacts of these infrastructural changes, using on-site measurements (topometry, water salinity and piezometry), analysis of hydrological data, field observations and surveys with dam managers, state regional directions and local stakeholders. It stresses the urgency of elaborating models of hydraulic management to limit the negative consequences of the hydraulic constructions.

  • Publication date
    Objective
    Sectors

    Climate change is predicted to have severe consequences for South Asia, which include increased variability in both monsoon and winter rainfall patterns, increase in average temperatures, increased salinity in coastal areas, reduced discharge of major rivers; the recession of glaciers in the Himalayas and increased frequency and/or severity of extreme weather events (floods, cyclones and droughts).

  • Publication date
    Objective
    Sectors

    SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant) version 2.0 was evaluated for its capability to simulate crop growth and salinity profiles under various combinations of fresh and saline water use for irrigation at Agra (India), located in a semiarid monsoon climatic region having a deep water table. Best available water (BAW, EC 3.6 dS/m) was used for pre-sowing irrigation to wheat. Simulated results confirmed that a yield potential exceeding 80% could be maintained by substituting saline waters up to 8 dS/m in the absence of fresh water following a pre-sowing irrigation with BAW.