Oceania

Few challenges facing the global community today match the scale of malnutrition, a condition that directly affects one in three people. Malnutrition manifests itself in many different ways: as poor child growth and development; as individuals who are skin and bone or prone to infection; as those who are carrying too much weight or who are at risk of chronic diseases because of excess intake of sugar, salt, or fat; or those who are deficient in important vitamins or minerals.

AS DISCUSSED IN CHAPTER 1, SETTING TARGETS IS ONE MANIFESTATION OF POLITICAL COMMITMENT. COUNTRIES HAVE ALREADY MADE A SERIES OF COMMITMENTS TO ATTAIN global nutrition targets by 2025 (Panel 2.1). For maternal, infant, and young child nutrition, the 2012 World Health Assembly (WHA) set six targets for 2025. The Global Nutrition Report tracks five of these.1 The WHA also agreed on nine noncommunicable disease (NCD) targets, one of which—“Halt the rise in diabetes and obesity”—is tracked in this report via three indicators.

Poucos desafios enfrentados hoje pela comunidade global se comparam, em escala, à malnutrição, distúrbio que afeta diretamente uma em cada três pessoas. A malnutrição se manifesta de diversas maneiras: no crescimento e no desenvolvimento infantis insatisfatórios; em pessoas que são apenas pele e osso ou estão propensas a contrair infecções; em quem tem excesso de peso ou que correm o risco de contrair doenças crônicas por consumirem açúcar, sal ou gordura demais; ou naqueles que apresentam deficiência de vitaminas ou minerais importantes.

This study was conducted to determine the impact on world prices, agricultural commodities production, and food security and nutrition of raising the annual growth in agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) from the current estimate of 1.6 percent to 2 percent by 2030 through investment in agricultural research and development (R&D). The study also compared three R&D investment strategies: (1) gradual TFP increase, (2) accelerated TFP increase, and (3) developing-countries-only TFP increase.

The region profiles capture the status and progress of all countries within the region, and the 80+ indicators include a wealth of information on child, adolescent and adult anthropometry and nutritional status, in addition to intervention coverage, food supply, economics, and demography. This tool is particularly useful for nutrition champions at the country-level, as it presents a wide range of evidence needed to assess country progress in improving nutrition and nutrition-related outcomes.

This publication examines the sectors, technologies and policy measures that will be central in the transition to a low-carbon energy system. It addresses the following questions: (1) What are the roles of coal and gas in meeting the stringent decarbonisation requirements for the power sector consistent with IEA modelling of global climate goals? (2) What are moderate carbon prices accomplishing in the electricity sector, and how can they be helpful as part of a package of other policies?

This document addresses the need for explicit inclusion of livelihoods within the environment nexus (water-energy-food security). The authors present a conceptualisation of ‘environmental livelihood security’, which combines the nexus perspective with sustainable livelihoods. The geographical focus of this paper is Southeast Asia and Oceania, which the authors highlight is a region currently wrought by the impacts of a changing climate.

IDMC’s latest Global Estimates report shows that 22 million people were displaced in 2013 by disasters brought on by natural hazard events. As in previous years, the worst affected region is Asia, where 19 million people, or 87.1 per cent of the global total, were displaced during the year. Although both wealthy and poorer countries are affected, developing countries bear the brunt, accounting for more than 85 per cent of displacement. In the Philippines, typhoon Haiyan alone displaced 4.1 million people, a million more than in Africa, the Americas, Europe and Oceania combined.

The CTCN hosted a Regional Forum for National Designated Entities under the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) for Small Island Developing States in the Pacific. The Forum was held on 24-26 February 2016 in Tonga, at the Tungi Colonnade Hotel, Nuku‘alofa. The meeting was organised in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), and it was hosted by the Government of Tonga.

The CTCN Forum was an occasion to develop and strengthen the regional network of NDEs and their relationship with other technology stakeholders, with a view to identify matchmaking opportunities to CTCN requests or other climate technology activities. Participants discussed the Paris Outcome in relation to Technology Transfer and Technology Mechanism, linkages between the Technology and Finance Mechanism; as well as shared experiences on set up and activities of NDEs at national level and use of CTCN Technical Assistance.