TO BE EFFECTIVE, COMMITMENTS TO ACTION MUST BE IMPLEMENTED AND ENFORCED. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES AND INTERVENTIONS DEPENDS on converting political commitment to practical action. How are governments and other stakeholders doing in implementing policies and interventions that reflect commitment?

The Global Nutrition Report, an independent accountability mechanism for progress and action on nutrition, calls on all actors to make SMART Commitments to Nutrition Action—that is, commitments that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound. Specifically, we call on governments to make SMART Commitments to Nutrition Action to achieve national nutrition targets and to put in place monitoring systems that allow them and others to assess progress.

Few challenges facing the global community today match the scale of malnutrition, a condition that directly affects one in three people. Malnutrition manifests itself in many different ways: as poor child growth and development; as individuals who are skin and bone or prone to infection; as those who are carrying too much weight or who are at risk of chronic diseases because of excess intake of sugar, salt, or fat; or those who are deficient in important vitamins or minerals.

This chapter in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories gives guidance for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that result from the production of various inorganic and organic chemicals. It covers emissions from the production of ammonia; nitric acid; adipic acid, caprolactam, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid; carbide; titanium dioxide; soda ash; key processes in the petrochemical and carbon black production; and fluorochemical production. It focuses on non-energy-related emissions and assumes no carbon dioxide capture and storage.

This report provides guidance for countries on how to estimate and report to the UNFCCC their N2O emissions from adipic acid and nitric acid production, which is the largest industrial source of N2O emissions. The report mentioned three approaches for emission factors estimation: (1) continuous monitoring at plant level, which is most accurate but can be costly; (2) periodic sampling and analysis at plant level, which is recommended by the IPCC and (3) when periodic sampling is not feasible, the IPCC provides default emission factors, which is less accurate.

This paper is a climate and environmental assessment that was conducted as part of the “Business Case” for “Tackling Acid and Burns Violence in Asia”. It involves applying a climate and environmental sensitivity analysis to identify climate and environmental impacts and opportunities, and preparing the climate and environment assurance note.