With the surge in bio-based activities around the globe, a new concept called bio-refining starts to emerge. IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries defines biorefining as “the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy”. A bio-refinery combines/integrates a series of biomass conversion technologies to produce a range of products and (base-)materials, such as food, feed, chemicals, materials, oil, gas, heat and/or electricity. The concept is similar to a conventional oil-refinery where multiple petroleum products and fuels are produced.
Large-scale Combined Heat and Power
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This report discusses the need for a change in the energy sector towards sustainable technologies such as renewable energies sources and efficient decentralised cogeneration. It shows that a business as usual scenario, based on the International Energy Agency (IEA) World Energy Outlook projection, is not an option for future generations.The writers describe climate change as nothing short of an energy revolution that will require a change in the way that energy is produced, distributed and consumed.
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This guideline presents the requirements and procedures that must comply an industry with the Energy Sector institutions (CFE, CRE) in order to start a cogeneration project (<500 kW). It includes the criteria and requirements for the accreditation of systems.
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CTCN is assisting Iran in technology transfer related to energy cogeneration. Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is one of the new high technologies in Iran. Regarding its significant effects on reducing fuel consumption and environmental emissions, optimized techniques of energy supply is the best alternative for replacing conventional methods. Unfortunately, the lack of domestic suppliers is the major problem of CHP projects in Iran.
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CHP (Combined Heat and Power) units produce simultaneously heat and power from fuel gas, resulting in higher efficiency compared with separate provision of heat and power.
Micro Cogeneration CHP units in a wide range of small-scale applications both in public and private sectors, including schools, restaurants, nursing homes, health centers, offices, hotels and leisure centers, with a typical electrical power demand below 35 kW.
Efficiency is especially high in colder regions due to high demand for waste heat for heating or hot water supply. -
Type of National planObjectiveMitigationSectors
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Type of National planObjectiveMitigationSectorsCountrySenegal
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Type of National planObjectiveMitigationSectorsCountryMoldova
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Type of National planObjectiveMitigationSectorsCountryMoldova