Compared with conventional oxyfuel, flameless oxyfuel provides even higher production rates, excellent temperature uniformity and very low NOx emissions. Since its commercial introduction in 2003, the leading supplier has made more than 30 installations of the flameless oxyfuel technology. This chapter describes the state-of-the-art oxygen technologies, including results from installations in the steel industry, and discusses their future possibilities to make steel production more effective.

Indian cities have experienced unforeseen population growth over the last two decades and this trend is expected to continue over the next two decades. With increasing population, the housing stock will grow manifold and affordable housing will be the biggest challenge to meet. One of the greatest fallouts of rapid urbanization is seen in dilapidated and congested dwellings for the economically weaker segment of the urban population. Both private developers and government schemes which cater to this segment of housing need to ensure digni ed and comfortable living for the urban poor.

Director Jens Kallesøe from Afatek grabs a ballpoint pen and starts to dismantle it.

“This ordinary ballpoint pen contains four different materials: On the outside is a belly belt and a clip, both made of stainless steel. Two pieces of plastic tubing hold it all together. Inside is an ink tube made of plastic. One end has a stainless steel spring, and the other a small brass piece, where the ink comes out. So we found two types of plastic and two types of metal with sizes down to 1 mm,” he says, now with four different pen pieces in his hands.

The compendiums provides a comprehensive overview of Iron & Steel subsector, covering manufacturing capacity, production & energy consumption trend, technology status, future growth scenarios, policies, environmental issues etc relevant to the subsector. It provides information on energy savings technology options, techno-economic feasibility, possible reduction in energy consumption & emission, and marginal cost abatement curves.

The study starts with an overview of PAT scheme, followed by the methodology used in creation of database and provides sector wise statistical analysis. The later chapters cover sectoral analysis of the potential energy savings from all industrial unit as well as the sectors. The study has reviewed 1357 additional units with estimated energy consumption of about 86 Mtoe. Notably, about 600 new units have been identified in the textile sector and 567 in the Iron & Steel sector which are significant in terms of numbers as well as energy consumption.