The Condebelt drying process was patented in 1975. The Condebelt drying process was originally created to increase drying rates of paper. Condebelt drying produces approximately 10-15 times higher drying rates than conventional cylinder drying. These higher drying rates are achieved by higher contact temperatures, higher pressing between the hot surface and paper and relatively low thermal resistance between steam and paper in the Condebelt drying process.
Iron & steel processing
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Compared with conventional oxyfuel, flameless oxyfuel provides even higher production rates, excellent temperature uniformity and very low NOx emissions. Since its commercial introduction in 2003, the leading supplier has made more than 30 installations of the flameless oxyfuel technology. This chapter describes the state-of-the-art oxygen technologies, including results from installations in the steel industry, and discusses their future possibilities to make steel production more effective.
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Publication dateObjectiveSectors
This website discusses the European Commission"s 2011 Roadmap for moving to a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050, emission reductions will be required to take place in all sectors, with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the industrial sectors reduced by 34% to 40% by 2030, and by 83% to 87% by 2050. The only available technology that can provide the required large-scale emission reductions in European Union energy-intensive industries--such as steel, cement, refineries and chemicals--is CO2 capture and storage).
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The Steel sector has published roadmaps on developing carbon-lean technologies, among which carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) plays a key role. In this particular context, the challenge for a roadmap is to take on board the true circumstances that prevail today and are likely to prevail in the distant foresight horizon of 2050.
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This report looks at the World Bank from a critical point of view and aims to expose the organisation as a “climate change profiteer.” Key findings include:
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The Containers and Packaging Recycling Law was enforced in 2000. The Japan Iron & Steel Federation (JSIF), as part of its voluntary energy-saving action plan, proposed a 10% energy reduction by 2010 compared with 1990 as the basis. Further, it has proposed an additional 1.5% energy savings by the use of waste plastics as a metallurgical raw material. Nippon Steel developed a waste plastics recycling process using coke ovens. This paper describes the technology for a waste plastic recycling process into chemical raw materials using coke ovens.
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This book lays out the possibilities:
• using energy from wood biomass and mill residuals instead of fossil fuels;
• substituting wood products for fossil fuel-intensive steel, concrete, brick, and aluminum building components;
• adjusting forest management practices to capture additional atmospheric carbon dioxide;
• retaining forest cover and its potential to mitigate climate change;
• capturing and storing atmospheric carbon in forest carbon "pools" and long-lived wood products; and -
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The iron and steel industry is one of the largest industrial sources of CO2. Globally, it accounts for about 6% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from energy use. One of the leading options being considered by the steel industry stakeholders to reduce CO2 emissions from steel mills (specifically from integrated steel mills) is carbon capture and storage (CCS). Development of this technology for application in iron and steel production is still ongoing.
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Steel is by far the world’s most important metal, with a global production of 1120 Million Metric ton (MMt) in 2009 (Worldsteel, 2010). In september 2010 the most important steel producers were China (42, 90 %), EU-27 (12, 79 %), Japan (8, 26 %), USA (5, 95 %) and India (5, 05 %) (Worldsteel, 2010). Figure 1 shows the development of world steel production since 1999. Clearly, China has become the dominant steel producer.
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The iron and steel sector is the second-largest industrial user of energy, consuming 616 Mtoe in 2007 and is also the largest industrial source of CO2 emissions. The five most important producers – China, Japan, the United States, the European Union and Russia – account for over 70% of total world steel production. Smelting reduction is a term assigned to a group of upcoming ironmaking processes which aim at overcoming certain fundamental problems of the existing blast furnace route.