This paper reports on the design and testing of a new water-point data transmitter that can provide reliable real-time data on hand pump usage to address this information deficit. Using a low-cost integrated-circuit based accelerometer, the transmitter automatically monitors the number of strokes made in operating a hand pump, and then transmits this information over the Global System for Mobile Communications network.
The handbook contains 31 articles by individual authors covering the following issues: policies and legislation on F-gases and related issues (Part 1), safety concerns and means to overcome (Part 2), a technical assessment of natural refrigerants in different applications (air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration and heat pumps) (Part 3), and case studies by manufacturers and end-users providing insights into market developments and examples of successful conversions to natural refrigerants (Part 4).
This report highlights two underutilized but fully implementable technologies that efficiently integrate heat and electricity systems, provide flexibility and enhance energy security. It examines what restricts co‑generation and efficient district heating and cooling systems that can help de-carbonize the energy system.
This report is a review of irrigation technologies for smallholders in the context of improving rural livelihoods, especially in regards to the prospects for sub-Saharan Africa. The role of traditional technologies is evaluated and modern water distribution technologies, such as sprinkler and trickle irrigation, are reviewed. Low-cost irrigation systems, including such innovations as the use of treadle pumps and drip-kits are then examined.
During the past decade, smallholder groundwater irrigation with motor pumps has increased considerably in Zambia. This study analyses an important but hitherto ignored factor for adoption: the supply chain of imported motor pumps. The main obstacles for farmers are identified as: the highly centralised supply chain and financing facilities in urban hubs; lack of information about prices, which vary significantly for the same make and model of pump; lack of information and training on proper use and maintenance; and lack of financing facilities.
