Nationally Determined Contribution and its adaptation targets to build climate resilience of sectors such as health, water management, urban infrastructure and settlement, which are vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change.
The potential impacts of climate change on water resources and surface hydrology for Africa and Southern Africa have received considerable attention from hydrologists during the past decade. Climate change can affect groundwater levels, recharge and groundwater contribution to base flow. To assess these impacts, a climate change vulnerability index was developed. The index is used as a regional screening tool to identify areas that could experience possible changes in their groundwater resources as a result of climate change.
According to this policy brief, climate and other drivers of change raise questions about the continued reliance on surface water resources, prompting countries to fundamentally rethink groundwater management strategies. This policy brief describes a case study from India, to show how the country is seizing the opportunity to use groundwater to face climate change. Similarly, another case study in Central Asia highlights how co-management of surface water and groundwater offers attractive and innovative solutions to complex, politicized water allocation problems.
According to this report, water security in Asia and the Pacific is under threat from many sources: population growth, urbanization, increasing water pollution, the over-extraction of groundwater, water-related disasters and climate change. Planning and management have proven insufficient to address the challenges of meeting society's diverse needs for water.
This report is divided in four main topics. The first presents a general analysis of links between the hydrological cycle and climate change, followed by the hydrological cycle in the Caribbean and its impact on water resources. It continues with an analysis of the possible impacts on groundwater due to sea-level rise and several aspects related to water management and finishes with different adaptation and mitigation options that should be implemented in each country's policies.
According to this study, by 2040 population growth, climate variability, and development of urbanization, agriculture, and industry create scenarios in which groundwater extraction is an increasingly larger percentage of the groundwater system. Consumption from agriculture and industry increases extraction rates from less than 1% to 3.8% of mean annual precipitation, which will likely affect the groundwater system. For instance, concentrated pumping in local areas may result in water level declines.
This economic brief provides an overview of the current situation in some Maghreb countries that have over-taxed aquifers and offers suggestions for improving the situation. Authors offer suggestions on how to move forward with a situation that presents a difficult regulatory atmosphere and a fragile future due to climate change.
This document examines the approach of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) in the upstream of Fergana Valley in Central Asia with a view to adapt to global and socio-economic changes. The study follows a stepwise procedure of implementing MAR in the Fergana Valley, starting from the regional assessment of the MAR potential to testing MAR at the pilot scale through field and modelling studies. This report proposes a major shift in the focus of development projects in the Fergana Valley, from rehabilitation of dense drainage systems to groundwater development for irrigation and MAR.