Agricultural ecosystems hold large carbon reserves (IPCC, 2001a), mostly in soil organic matter.Historically, these systems have lost more than 50 Pg Carbon, but some of this carbon lost can be recovered through improved management, thereby withdrawing atmospheric CO2 (Paustian et al., 1998; Lal, 1999, 2004a).
Nicaragua is an energy-poor and agriculture-dependent country. While the cattle and dairy sector is a dominating force among the country’s agricultural sectors, its productive output is remarkably low compared to that of neighbouring countries. Inefficient herding and farm management leads to hygiene issues, high loss of livestock and low production. Most small scale farmers lack access to modern energy. The sector is in dire need of productivity improvements to remain competitive in the region.
This study examines how export coffee production has posed challenges to a traditional common property regime in western Honduras, and the ways that the indigenous Lenca people are adapting to the new opportunities presented by expanding market linkages. Despite the spread of coffee plantations into mature pine-oak forests, the community has retained common property woodlots and grazing areas, and created a protected watershed in a cloud forest. The research draws on fieldwork conducted over a 14 year period.
“Tunisia proposes reducing its greenhouse gas emissions across all sectors (energy industrial processes agriculture, forestry and other land use waste) in order to lower its carbon intensity by 41 percent in 2030, relative to the base year 2010…Tunisia, which has already made significant strides towards mitigation in its baseline, is looking to reduce its carbon intensity unconditionally and through its own efforts by 13 percent compared to 2010, i.e. by around 1/3 of its INDC. To achieve the rest of its objective, i.e.
Livestock play an important role in most small scale farming systems throughout the world. They provide traction to plow fields, manure which maintains crop productivity, and nutritious food products for human consumption. In most small scale farming systems livestock graze in pastures or woodlands feeding on grass and other herbaceous plants. During the wet season these lands provide adequate forage to maintain productive animals. In the dry season however, the quantity and quality of forage greatly decreases and is generally low in nutritional value.
