Half-covered by the Sahara Desert and located between the arid Sahelian and north-Sudanese zones, Mali is characterized by a dry tropical climate with high variability between dry and wet periods. It is therefore estimated to be among the most vulnerable countries to climatic change. Due to its location, flat plains, and river systems coupled with changing climate patterns, Mali is exposed to the increased risk of extreme rainfall events, resulting in more frequent and severe floods that impact infrastructure, livelihoods, and essential services.