Many rural poor people in developing countries depend on agriculture and are highly influenced by climatic change. Hence, sustainable livelihood approaches are used at both policy and project level to initiate new poverty reduction activities and modify existing activities to improve livelihood incomes. Practices relevant to climate change adaptation around the world are wideranging and include development of technology, management, infrastructure, livestock, groundwater, and knowledge.

The global average surface temperature over the past 50 years has increased at nearly double the rate of the past 100 years. Although warming is greatest at the higher northern latitudes, it has been widespread worldwide over the past 30 years. The precipitation pattern has also changed spatially; significantly increased precipitation has been observed in the eastern parts of North and South America, northern Europe, and northern and central Asia. Drying has been observed in the Sahel, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, and parts of southern Asia.

This study was undertaken to assess farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for various climate-smart interventions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was selected because it is highly vulnerable to climate change, which may adversely affect the sustainability of the rice-wheat production system and the food security of the region.

This report reviews current knowledge of the effects of climate change on hunger and provides an overview of actions that can be taken to address the challenge.
The report argues that unless climate change is mitigated by substantial greenhouse gas reductions it will greatly increase hunger, especially in the poorest parts of the world. In this context, the paper expects that the impact of climate change on hunger will be more profound where social inequality in development is maintained (e.g. Africa is expected to be the most affected region).

In the face of seasonal climate variability, the smallholder farmers, particularly those in rural communities, are among the most adversely affected. As a way to address this, together with concern on low productivity, the Philippine government has been implementing a range of risk management programs for farmers and other agricultural stakeholders.

This paper outlines linkages between climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and social protection. It starts by giving examples of the social dimensions of climate change and argues that understanding the intra-household dynamics around how age and gender influence resource access and time expenditure, and anticipated impacts of shocks, is critical for addressing future adaptation needs. It notes that social protection, DRR and climate change adaptation have much in common in terms of measures and broad objectives.

This study was undertaken to assess farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for various climate-smart interventions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The research outputs will be helpful in integrating farmers’ choices with government programs in the selected regions. The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) was selected because it is highly vulnerable to climate change, which may adversely affect the sustainability of the rice-wheat production system and the food security of the region.