TNO is an independent research organisation which connects people and knowledge to create innovations that boost the competitive strength of industry and the well-being of society in a sustainable way. This is our mission and it is what drives us, the over 3,400 professionals at TNO, in our work every day. We work in collaboration with partners and focus on nine domains.
China
China
- Type:OrganisationKnowledge partnerCountry of registration:NetherlandsRelation to CTCN:Consortium PartnerKnowledge PartnerSector(s) of expertise:
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SignificantÍchangesÍin China"s climate have already occurred over the last 50 years. The ongoing impacts of human-induced climate change are likely to put the efficiency and effectiveness of development investments at risk, and have the potential to reduce growth and human development in China. This document uses case studies focusing on the water sector to test a framework for the screening of projects for climate change impacts and adaptation options. This framework can be refined and adapted according to the needs of different users.
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The Hindu Kush Himalayan region encompasses an area of 4.2 million km2 of hills and mountains in the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan. With its vast expanses of snow and ice, the region it is known as the water tower of Asia, which is being significantly affected by climate change. The meltwater from Himalayan snow and ice feeds 10 large river systems of South Asia: the Amu Darya, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus, Irrawaddy, Mekong, Salween, Tarim, Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.
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This is a summary of a report on climate change adaptation research knowledge and capacity gaps in China, commissioned by DFID (UK) and IDRC (Canada) to consider support for a programme of applied research on climate adaptation in Asia. Although scientific research capacity on assessing the effects of climate change in China is strong, adaptation as a specific domain of research effort is a new concept.In accordance with donor priorities, the study involves the identification of vulnerable groups in geographical regions likely to face great stress from climate change.
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The goal of this report is to provide an understanding of global non-ferrous metal scrap flows in the context of non-ferrous industry developments over the 2000 to 2011 period. The focus of this study is on copper and aluminium as the two largest non-ferrous metals in terms of both material tonnages and market value. The report consists of four chapters. The first chapter, presented here, provides a brief backdrop to the analysis on non-ferrous scrap flows. It outlines growth in metal demand and the underlying reasons for this growth.
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China is now the world's second-largest energy producer and consumer and plays an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security. This government White Paper sets out China's policy to develop a modern energy industry that takes both resource conservation and environmental protection into consideration.
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Without gains from energy efficiency efforts, China, India and Brazil are projected to more than double their energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in a single generation, resulting in major impacts on the global energy system and climate.
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Around one-sixth of the world’s population is dependant on glaciers and seasonal snow packs for their water supply. But climate change is disrupting the annual flow of water downstream from snowy mountainous regions, says this paper. The hydrological changes taking place will impact on future water availability, and these impacts are likely to be severe.As global temperatures increase, less winter precipitation falls as snow and the melting of winter snow occurs earlier in spring.
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This paper reports on a regional climate change model developed to predict the impacts of climate change of Chinese agriculture. The model, developed by the UK’s Hadley Centre for Climate Change Predication and Research, took into account climate and soil variables, and the influence of higher atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on plant metabolism.
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The paper presents the findings of an empirical study that was conducted using provincial-level data from the 29 regions of People"s Republic of China in 2005. Carbon intensity as a traditional measure of an economy"s carbon performance is incapable of capturing the multidimensional features of an economy"s carbon performance. Particularly, since increased emissions have causes other than poor emitting technology, such as changes in the energy mix or the substitution of energy for labor.