Aviation

Le context

Improved air traffic management techniques like to avoid flying holding patterns, “green landings” and the use of relatively low speed airplanes for domestic aviation can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases substantially. Depending on their penetration up to 3% CO2 emission reduction can be achieved for green landings and 10-60% CO2 emission reduction for low speed airplanes. Moreover, these techniques will lower the NOx and soot emissions, thereby improving the air quality around the airport.

COROBOR Systems is a company that specializes in turnkey, integrated solutions for Meteorology and Hydrology. 

This technical paper explores the potential implications of a carbon levy on international aviation and marine transport on Caribbean economies through the following approach of situational analysis:

This paper discusses various dimensions of the developing positive and negative interactions between the company focused EU emissions trading (ETS) and country focused global carbon trading and other relevant global institutions. Three main cases of interaction are analysed. The author considers the interaction between the Kyoto Protocol and the ETS as target. The opposite relationship is then examined. i.e. with the ETS as the source and the Kyoto Protocol institutions as targets.

Aviation contributes to air pollution, noise and global warming. As demand for air travel rises, how should governments and the aviation industry respond to environmental concerns? Can aviation’s greenhouse gas emissions be reduced? What are the key challenges involved in making aviation sustainable?

From the energy, transport and water sectors, 103 organisations have provided reports under the Adaptation Reporting Power (ARP) to Defra. The reports demonstrate that these organisations are assessing their risks from climate change and in many cases are well-placed to mitigate them. Nearly all of the 103 organisations who reported can be clustered together into nine sectors: aviation; electricity distributors; electricity generators; electricity transmitters; gas transporters; ports and lighthouses; public bodies; road and rail; and water.

Background: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a technology used to convert algae biomass into “biocrude” oil a potential drop-in substance for petroleum. HTL eliminates land usage and provides a more complete biomass conversion than other methods. HTL produces an aqueous algae co-product (AqAl) which can contain residual carbon nitrogen and phosphorous that was initially present in the algae biomass. There is great interest in the development of methods to use these products for algae growth operations and thus recycle nutrients and enhance financial and material sustainability.

Background: Triacylglyceride or fatty acid oil (TG Oil) is non-catalytically cracked to produce middle chain length hydrocarbons aromatics short chain carboxylic acids olefins and high purity carbon. Olefins can be converted into additional aromatics or purified and sold directly.

Background: Aircraft thrust is traditionally come from a combustion engine (internal combustion or gas turbine) coupled to either a propeller or a nozzle to produce thrust. These systems deliver high performance but also have high emissions and low fuel efficiency. Some proposals have used fuel cells as propulsion devices by using the electricity a fuel cell produces to power an electric motor linked to a propeller. This system lowers emissions and increases fuel efficiencies but increases weight due to the substantial electric motors required for primary propulsive power.