This report highlights the potentially significant impacts on the hydrologic cycle and the importance of considering secondary effects, particularly with regard to water, resulting from the widespread adoption of global climate change mitigation measures. It is recommended that the implicit hydrologic dimensions of climate change mitigation should be more formally articulated within the international environmental conventions, and recognized within future UNFCCC negotiations on the CDM-AR provisions.

The present article documents increasing water abstraction and the difficulties in establishing limits for low flows such as the Q80 value (flow available on 80% of the days per year). The article also presents the role of water users" associations in mitigating water conflicts related to over-abstraction. Water users" associations are also involved in activities such as environmental education, awareness creation, improved irrigation practices, afforestation, and water regulation.

Over 345 million hectares of land globally could be forested or re-forested to help combat global warming. The Kyoto Protocol, which sets targets for industrialised countries to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, has established the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to support such initiatives. But do these programmes tackle the real causes of climate change?The CDM allows industrialised countries and organisations
to fund projects in developing countries aiming to contribute to reducing GHG
emissions. These projects are attractive to developing country governments because

How is women’s economic empowerment linked to successful climate mitigation and adaptation? Womenare particularly susceptible to climate change and poverty and often lack financial assets and decisionmaking power. For example, in order to adopt or develop climate-related work, women must be able to own land as well as have access to capital and new technologies. This paper discusses various approaches to women’s economic empowerment that reduce GHG emissions.One strategy outlined is to compensate women for their work conserving natural resources.