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Myanmar

Official Name:
Republic of the Union of Myanmar

National Designated Entity

Type of organisation:
Government/Ministry
Name:
Ms. Thin Thuzar Win
Position:
Deputy Director, Climate Change Division
Phone:
+95 67 431325

Energy profile

Type: 
Energy profile
Energy profile
Extent of network

According to the IEA, in 2006 no more than 11% of the population was connected to the electricity grid. That would leave over 45 million people without grid electrification.

Renewable energy potential

HydropowerThe hydropower potential of the country is estimated to be more than 100,000MW. Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise ("MEPE") under the Ministry of Electric Power has identified more than 200 potential hydropower sites throughout the country which has a total installed capacity of 38.000MW.Wind energyPotential wind energy of Myanmar is around 365.1 terrawatt hour per year. Due to expensive initial cost, wind energy is implemented only as an experimental and research phase.Solar energyMeasurements indicate that radiation intensity of more than 5 KWh/m2/day is available during the dry season but the use of solar energy is also at an initial stage.Geothermal energyMyanmar has abundant geothermal resources. A total of 93 geothermal locations have been identified throughout the country.Biogas energySince 1980 biogas generation is being implemented in order to substitute fuel wood scarcity in Central Myanmar region. In addition, Jatropha Curcas plants have been grown to use the oil as an alternative fuel, and 7 million acres will be planted by 2011. The programme to produce Bio-ethernol and Bio-diesel as alternative fuel in the transport sector is also ongoing.  

Energy framework

Some apparently still relevant laws and policies are:Myanmar Electricity Law (1984)Electricity Act 1948 (as amended in 1967)Electricity Rules (1985)The Petroleum Act (1934) andPetroleum Rules of 1937 (as amended in 1946)National Environment Policy (1994).The Energy Policy is stated as: to maintain the status of energy dependence; to promote wider use of new and renewable sources of energy; to promote energy efficiency and conservation; and to promote use of alternative fuels in household.Myanmar has formulated and adopted Myanmar Agenda 21, published by the National Commission for Environmental Affairs (NCEA), with the general aim of facilitating the integration of environmental and sustainable development consideration.In 2009, the country has launched the National Sustainable Development Strategies (NSDS), which covers three main areas of Social, Economic and Environmental issues and focuses national effort to achieve sustainable development. Myanmar joined Bangladesh India Myanmar Sri Lanka Thailand-Economic Cooperation (BIMST-EC) in 1997.Myanmar signed an agreement on the established of the ASEAN Centre for Energy in 1998 together with eight other ASEAN countries. PROMEEC (Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Conservation) is a programme coordinated on by ASEAN to facilitate capacity building and exchange of information between the ASEAN countries.Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) Economic Cooperation with six member countries was launched with the assistance of the Asian Development Bank in 1992. Its economic cooperation in energy sector includes: regional power interconnection & power trade arrangements; sub-regional strategy for the utilization of natural gas; and sub-regional strategy for cooperation in renewable energy. The Inter-Governmental Agreement on Regional Power Trade in the GMS was signed in 2002, and the Regional Power Trade Coordination Committee (RPTCC) was created in 2002 to coordinate, promote and implement regional power trading development.In 2005, Myanmar and Thailand signed an MOU on cooperation in renewable energy and energy saving sectors.The Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) goals submitted to the 5th East Asia Summit Energy Ministers Meeting, held on 20 September 2011 in Brunei Darussalam, state that the country uses TPES as the EE Indicator, and aims at 5% reduction by 2020 from 2005 level and 10% reduction by 2030 from 2005 level. However, the action plans submitted were from 2009 and not concrete. Government officials admit the lack of explicit energy efficiency and conservation laws but consider that some existing building regulation implicitly contribute energy efficiency and conservation. An energy efficiency and conservation master plan is under preparation. Barriers for energy efficiency are considered to be: weakness of follow up activities and initiatives to implement EE&C action; need for more training programme for EE&C; need for energy efficiency laws; need for a mechanism to get comprehensive, reliable, accurate energy consumption data of industries and buildings; need for provision of tax incentives programme to industries and building sector to implement EE&C measure; institutional constraints; and financial constraints.The currently low awareness of EE&C in Myanmar is due to subsidized energy pricing system.Myanmar ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 25 November 1994 and its Kyoto Protocol on 13 August 2003.

Source
Static Source:
  • Type: 
    Publication
    Publication date:
    Objective:
    Sectors:

    The goal of this report is to provide an understanding of global non-ferrous metal scrap flows in the context of non-ferrous industry developments over the 2000 to 2011 period. The focus of this study is on copper and aluminium as the two largest non-ferrous metals in terms of both material tonnages and market value. The report consists of four chapters. The first chapter, presented here, provides a brief backdrop to the analysis on non-ferrous scrap flows. It outlines growth in metal demand and the underlying reasons for this growth.

  • Type: 
    Publication
    Publication date:
    Objective:
    Sectors:

    This report provides historical and projected estimates of emissions of non-carbon-dioxide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic sources. It provides a consistent and comprehensive estimate for 92 individual countries and 8 regions. The analysis provides information that can be used to understand national contributions of GHG emissions, historical progress on reductions and mitigation opportunities. Although this document is being published by the U.S.

  • Type: 
    Publication
    Publication date:
    Objective:

    Freely available climate and climate-related data is essential to catalyze the changes in policies, investments and technologies that will be needed if we are to move towards a climate-smart future. The Climate Change Knowledge Portal is a central hub of information, data and reports about climate change around the world. With this portal you can query, map, compare, chart and summarize key climate and climate-related information. Open data: all of the climate data featured on the Climate Change Knowledge Portal has been published as open data resources.

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Country of registration:
    Bangladesh
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member

    Bangladesh Centre for Advanced studies (BCAS) is an independent, non-government, non-profit, research and policy institute institution established in 1986 with the mission to provide guidance and practical solutions to promote sustainable development, eradicate poverty, improve access of the poor to resources and ensure social justice. It specializes in policy analysis, action research and project implementation for sustainable development at local, national, regional and global levels.  

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Country of registration:
    Germany
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member

    Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy  is a research and academic organization established in 1991 with the mission to undertake research and develops models, strategies and instruments for transitions to a sustainable development at local, national and international level. Sustainability research at the Wuppertal Institute focuses on the resources, climate and energy related challenges and their relation to economy and society. Special emphasis is put on analysing and stimulating innovations that decouple economic growth and wealth from natural resource use. 

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Country of registration:
    Israel
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member

    Natural Resources and Environmental Research Center (NRERC), University of Haifa is a resaerch and academic institution established in 1985  with the mission to  carry out interdisciplinary research in the area of natural resource and environmental resource management, pioneering this academic research field in Israel. NRERC is chosen, by the Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection, to lead "The Israeli Center for Climate Change" (ICCIC).

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Knowledge partner
    Country of registration:
    Iraq
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member
    Knowledge Partner

    Kirkuk Technical College is a research and academic institution established in 1998, by the Government of Republic of Iraq with the mission to provide advanced technical education and create mechanisms for constant scientific, technical and moral evolutions of people so as to ensure continual development of the society. It conducts research studies and assessments on range of topics and develops knowledge products.

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Country of registration:
    Thailand
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member
    Sector(s) of expertise:

    IIEC is a non‐governmental (NGO), not‐for‐profit organization, established in 1984, with a mission to apply global knowledge base and experience to customize local sustainable solutions that are replicable & adaptable, to make a global mainstream impact toward sustainable development and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.  IIEC designs policies, implements programs, and supports institutions that mainstream energy efficiency in the entire value chain of energy systems and use.

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Knowledge partner
    Country of registration:
    Denmark
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member
    Knowledge Partner
    Sector(s) of expertise:

    Quercus is an advisory type of an institution established in 2012 with the mission to positively improve and optimize living conditions for people and the working climate for public and private enterprise in the face of globalization. Quercus Group works with regional economic development in three main areas: Cluster Development, Network and Partnership facilitation, Investment and export promotion. 

     

  • Type: 
    Organisation
    Country of registration:
    Germany
    Relation to CTCN:
    Network Member
    Sector(s) of expertise:

    Green Cooling Initiative (GCI) is a network of Companies, Organisations, and Government Institutions aiming at a reduction of emissions from the cooling sectors established by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH in 2014 and its initial funding will run to 30th of April 2017. The aim of GCI is to establish a global Green Cooling Network, which will accelerate the transfer of environmentally friendly technologies in the refrigeration and air conditioning sectors to and within developing countries.