Brazil has more than 50 million old household refrigerators. Most of these are energy-inefficient and still contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are ozone layer depleting gases having also an extremely high global warming potential (GWP). Currently, scrap collectors (so called catadores) collect old refrigerators from slum areas (favelas) and dismantle them in order to recover and sell any valuable materials such as metals and plastics. In this process, the CFCs from the refrigeration circuits and insulation foams are released into the atmosphere.
Project
-
Publication dateObjective
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
Still today, most room air-conditioning systems worldwide contain HCFC-22 as refrigerant. In China, with 260 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent emissions per year, they are the main source of ozone- and climate damaging HCFC-emissions. The air-conditioning sector is a fast growing sector in China with a huge impact on the global market as the majority of the world market is produced here. The predominant replacement options for HCFC-22 are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are ozone-friendly but contribute to global warming.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
In China, the market for extruded polystyrene (XPS) foam used in building insulation increased the last years at double digit growth rates due to the fast rise of the economy and the associated construction boom. This growth in the market for insulation is brought about by new regulations on building insulation as part of the Chinese energy efficiency programme.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
Initiated by the detection of the so called “ozone hole” over the Antarctic, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer came into force in 1987. The Protocol regulates the phase-out of production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in refrigeration and air conditioning. This phase-out has led to the introduction of new, environmental-friendly technologies in industrialized countries.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
The project aims to introduce R290 split and window type driven room air-conditioners into the Indian market. The main goal is to transfer know-how and to develop human, entrepreneurial and institutional capabilities for the hydrocarbon based application of air-conditioning and refrigeration technologies.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
In Indonesia, the usage of cooling – such as refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) – increases by 15% per year in the industrial, commercial, and private sectors. The use of inefficient appliances with outdated technology is common in these sectors. The project aims to establish a Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) for industrial and commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, thereby making a significant contribution to meeting Indonesia’s GHG emissions reduction targets.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
So called natural refrigerants and foam blowing agents (e.g. hydrocarbons) have the potential to substantially reduce non CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. In a public-private partnership together with the Indonesian company AICOOL, different types of systems for refrigeration and air conditioning purposes are being redesigned and optimised for the use of natural refrigerants, primarily R290 (propane).
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
The accelerated phase-out of HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) in Article-5-Countries according to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer reopens the chapter on the selection of a suitable blowing agent as alternative to the commonly used HCFC-141b.
-
Publication dateObjective
South Africa’s economy depends largely on agriculture and trade (retail) – two sectors in which transport plays a vital role. The transport and distribution of refrigerated goods is an important part of the greenhouse gas emission balance of cold chains. It is estimated that under a business-as-usual scenario, emissions in the transport refrigeration sector will increase from the current two million tons of CO2eq., to above five million tons CO2eq by 2020 in South Africa.
-
Publication dateObjectiveSectors
This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). It is the first global project on ODS waste management dedicated to the development and implementation of integrated strategies for reducing the emissions of Ozone-depleting substances containing waste.