Zoning

Disclosed is a process for removing contaminants from a contaminated area of the ground having a vadose zone and a water table which comprises providing a borehole in the contaminated area; placing in the borehole a perforated riser pipe inside of which is situated a vacuum extraction pipe with an opening situated near at or at any point below the water table within the perforated riser pipe; while introducing a gas into the riser pipe applying a vacuum to the vacuum extraction pipe to draw gases and liquid from the soil into the perforated riser pipe and from the riser pipe into the vacuum

Disclosed is a process for removing contaminants from a contaminated area of the ground having a vadose zone (16) and a water table (18).

There is provided an apparatus for removing contaminants from a contaminated area of the ground having a water table and a vadose zone above the water table which comprises a perforated riser pipe (44) extending downwardly a vacuum extraction pipe (30) situated inside of the riser pipe (44) and having a bottom opening situated within the perforated riser pipe (44) said vacuum extraction pipe (30) being capable of containing groundwater prior to application of a vacuum thereto said vacuum extraction pipe (30) having at least one gas inlet (41d 41e) in the vacuum extraction pipe (30) for intr

An apparatus for removing contaminants from a contaminated area (12) of the subsurface (1820) which comprises a riser pipe (44) extending downwardly from the surface and having an upper impermeable portion (46) and a lower perforated portion (48) a vacuum extraction pipe (30) situated inside of the riser pipe (44) and having an opening situated within the perforated portion an actuable packing (61) situated in a portion of the annular space between the vacuum extraction pipe (30) and the riser pipe (44) said portion having a vertical extension being significantly smaller than a vertical ext

Disclosed is a process and apparatus in which vacuum extraction is used to remove soil contaminants in both the saturated and vadose zones.

Disclosed is a process for removing contaminants from a contaminated area of the ground having a vadose zone and a water table which comprises providing a borehole in the contaminated area to a depth below the water table; placing in the borehole to a depth below the water table a first perforated riser pipe; placing inside the first perforated riser pipe a second perforated riser pipe; placing inside the second perforated riser pipe a first vacuum extraction pipe with a bottom opening situated within the second perforated riser pipe; placing a second vacuum extraction pipe within the first

Disclosed is a process and apparatus in which vacuum extraction is used to remove soil contaminants in both the saturated and vadose zones.

Background: High petroleum costs coupled with major environmental concerns have pushed researchers to search for alternative and renewable sources of energy. Biomass represents an abundant sustainable resource for energy production. Bio- and thermo-chemical conversion schemes often result in formation of energy-dense gases from biomass. Since as much as 30% of our energy consumption is in the form of liquid transportation fuels high value is achieved by producing liquid fuels these from gaseous feedstock in a renewable way such as with microorganisms.

Basically it is known to integrate quartz crystals into impaction zones of cascade impactors so as to continuously determine the gravimetric mass which is accumulated in each of the stages.

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