This report has been jointly prepared by GIZ and MoEF under the CCA RAI project, overviews the challenges to climate variability and climate change. It addresses the impacts of climate change in six different sectors like agriculture, forestry biodiversity, water resources, coastal zone management, and disaster risk management and focuses on rural India development. Concepts and approaches for adaptation and its integration into development planning are described. Thus, it is recommended for adaptation practitioners and academicians.