Background: Capacitive deionization devices use high surface area carbon electrodes to remove ions from water. However these systems perform poorly at removing Ca2+ and other multivalent cations which are atoms or molecules that have lost a number of electrons and thus have a positive charge from hard water. Alternatively salt-based water deionizers (water softeners) result in a brine byproduct that is unusable in arid zones wherein water reclamation is practiced.

The offered method of water purification is based on the photocatalytic degradation of contaminations. Photocatalysts are received as a results of the modification of layered nanoclays by polymers that can absorb both visible and ultraviolet light. Experimental tests have shown that hybrid photocatalysts may efficiently degrade water pollutants as a result of oxidation by singlet oxygen energy or electron transfer. Morover it has been proved that hybrid photocatalysts have the ability to adsorb hydrophobic compounds thereby additionally improving the water purification process.

An integrated acid mine drainage (AMD) solution has been developed using a combination of biological and chemical treatment steps to produce desalinated water fit for reuse or discharge. This process produces a smaller volume of solid waste when compared with conventional lime or limestone neutralization processes and offers the opportunity to extract valuable by-products such as elemental sulphur calcium carbonate pellets and magnesium hydroxide

Cheaper production of zeolites for environmental applications such as soil and water remediation is possible using this process that starts from the waste material fly ash. The process produces up to eight times the zeolites and produces them more cheaply than do other zeolite processes. It also uses seawater and operates at low temperatures while other processes required higher temperatures. Zeolites capture and retain heavy metals by encapsulating them in the zeolitic framework via an ion-exchange mechanism.

This technology has been identified by KOTEC(Korea Technology Finance Corporation) for WIPO GREEN's project in waste water treatment sector. Any request for contacting the technology provider will be facilitated by KOTEC. In order to collect and remove a number of sedimentary substances submerged together with stone gravel and sand etc.

When bones are burn the calciom ions become free and are the attracted to floride ions in water hence they react to produce calcium floride which is then filtered off from the water