The fact that, the weather risk has ruined rainfall agriculture. The uncertainty in weather conditionshas put at risk the crop output, production and yield which contributes to the growing distress amongthe rain fed farmers in general and the marginal, small and resource poor farmers in particularresulting distress migration.
Runoff control structures to temporarily store rainfall
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Surat is India’s 12th largest city with a population of 4.4 million (2011 Census). The city has been growing fast: it has almost doubled in size between 2001 and 2011. The high density, the lack of safe water supply and its location on a river side, combined with high temperatures and humidity, changing rainfall patterns, rapid urban growth and industrial development make Surat highly conducive to vector-borne and water-borne diseases.
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Surat is India’s 12th largest city with a population of 4.4 million (2011 Census). The city has been growing fast: it has almost doubled in size between 2001 and 2011. The high density, the lack of safe water supply and its location on a river side, combined with high temperatures and humidity, changing rainfall patterns, rapid urban growth and industrial development make Surat highly conducive to vector-borne and water-borne diseases.
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Surat known as “Diamond city or Textile city”, located on river Tapi is India’s 12th and Gujarat’s 2nd most populous city with a population of 4.4 million. Surat lies in the flood plain area and there are a number of creeks in southern west part of city. Rapid industrialization with heavy migration from various parts of India and merger of villages due to extension of city limits results in to almost doubling of the population in a decade.
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Indian cities are undergoing rapid urbanization and their resource footprints are growing. As the cities grow and demand for natural resources grow, they face competition and conflicts with other users in the region and hydrological basin, resulting in shortages and scarcities in cities. The climate change exacerbates these conflicts. Water sector is one of the conflict areas for the cities.
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Cities are engines of economic growth. Rapid urbanisation has resulted in growing challenges to urban systems and their associated vulnerability. These challenges may possibly be exacerbated with events of extreme temperature, severe rainfall, intense cyclonic storms and extended droughts. Such climate variability and climate change may impact our natural resources, health, quality of life, and viable urban development.
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This document is prepared with the aim of providing a framework for development of climate resilience strategy for the city of Indore. It has been developed based on interaction with city stakeholders, sector studies conducted to understand different dimensions of current situation, information from secondary literature, and through conduct of risk to resilience workshop. The City Resilience Strategy, is aimed at city managers and people at large. This document is based on the current situation and has a scope for updation to reflect emerging trends over time.
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This study explores the potential of using short-term weather forecasts to increase irrigation efficiency in rice cultivation, as a potential adaptation option to future climate change. The agro-hydrological model SWAP (Soil Water Plant Atmosphere) revealed that basing the decision to irrigate rice on short-term weather forecasts could reduce average water application by 27% when 5-day perfect rainfall forecasts were used.
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SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant) version 2.0 was evaluated for its capability to simulate crop growth and salinity profiles under various combinations of fresh and saline water use for irrigation at Agra (India), located in a semiarid monsoon climatic region having a deep water table. Best available water (BAW, EC 3.6 dS/m) was used for pre-sowing irrigation to wheat. Simulated results confirmed that a yield potential exceeding 80% could be maintained by substituting saline waters up to 8 dS/m in the absence of fresh water following a pre-sowing irrigation with BAW.
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The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation has been working in Maharashtra, India, with a local organization, the Watershed Organization Trust, to enable 950 villages to protect themselves from recurring water supply problems. Local climate conditions have altered considerably, especially in the timing and frequency of the rains. To meet the climate change challenge, a climate change adaptation program was established.