Rice cultivation system is directly affected by climate conditions and changes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of climate change on the water requirements of agricultural reservoirs using a reservoir water-balance model that includes climate change data, the paddy rice growing season and changes in land use. The results showed that due to increasing temperature, transplanting and heading dates were delayed 5-25 days and 0-10 days, respectively, in comparison to the baseline. The decrease in rates could be the result of IWR and increasing watershed runoff (average 10.7% to 27.0%).
Rice cultivation
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Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application has increased crop productivity and met the food demands of growing populations, but its use efficiency is very low. More than 50% of applied nitrogen is not utilized by crops,posing huge economical costs and environmental concerns. Therefore, fertilizer management should consider optimum time, rates, source and methods of application (the "4Rs" of nutrient stewardship) to increase use efficiency, crop yield, soil health and farm profits and to reduce negative environmental effects.