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Objective
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Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot with over 175,000 endemic species (Thompson 2011). Madagascar also has a high level of poverty and underdevelopment, ranking 158 of 188 countries on the 2016 Human Development Index. Over 75 percent of the population lives below the World Bank’s poverty line (World Bank 2018). More than 80 percent of Madagascar’s population depends on natural resources for agriculture, fishing, and forestry livelihoods (Hay Tao Statement of Objectives). However, the natural resource base has declined sharply due to unsustainable use.