The papar examine the competitive effects of differential mitigation efforts on agricultural food production and on international trade. In doing this we employ the assumption that the average U.S. compliance caused cost increase would also occur in other complying countries. they consider implementation 1) unilaterally by the U.S., 2) by all Kyoto Protocol Annex I countries and 3) globally.

The report presents the standard methodologies for studying the impacts of climate change on agriculture, measuring and developing inventories of greenhouse gas emissions and analyzing the vulnerabilities and mitigation options. With each methodology a case study has been presented illustrating the steps to be followed to achieve the objectives.

According to this article, agricultural productivity in both developing and developed countries will have to improve to achieve substantial increases in food production by 2050 while land and water resources become less abundant and the effects of climate change introduce much uncertainty. Already less resilient production areas will suffer the most, as temperatures will rise further in tropical and semi-tropical latitudes and water-scarce regions will face even drier conditions.

According to this study, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2) are continuously accumulating in the atmosphere. Thus, global warming is spilling its ill impacts on the forest ecosystems of the Himalayas. The increased CO2 needs to be sequestered to strike an ecological balance and reverse global warming trends. Forests and soils are the natural sinks for carbon. Oak (Quercus leucotichophora) and pine (Pinus roxburghii) are the two most dominant forest types in the Indian Central Himalayas.