Reform of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a key issue in advancing the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM was created with the mutual objectives of providing cost-effective abatement opportunities for industrialized countries and to advance sustainable development in developing countries. Current literature, however, suggests that the CDM is failing to deliver on its promise of a "development dividend". This article compares and contrasts different host-country approval processes and investigates how this is reflected in CDM project quality.

This report provides the results of a review of the evidence that investments in electricity-generating capacity have benefits for poor people, and what factors influence that relationship. The review begins by elucidating a theory to break down the causal chain between additional renewable electricity generation capacity and poverty impacts in four stages or links, which can be formulated as four research questions: (1) What is the link between increased renewable electricity capacity and higher availability and reliability of supply?

Chilli is the most popular spice in the world and a native to Mexico, but now grown in most parts of the world. There are at least 150 different types.

Enzymes are proteins that can increase the rate of biological changes, such as the ripening of fruit. Papain enzyme is obtained from the green papaya (pawpaw).

Small-scale processing of spices can be economically and socially successful.

Agriculture is the largest global user of biodiversity. Over-reliance on a handful of crops puts global food security at great risk especially in the context of climate change. Selected and used by generations of farmers, agricultural biodiversity contributes to reducing malnutrition, alleviating poverty and combating climate change challenges. This diversity has been in decline for decades and is now in danger of disappearing and efforts needed to conserve them using both ex situ and in situ approaches.

This report provides a general overview of social forestry in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region and its potential to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The report focuses on Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia (particularly the States of Sarawak and Sabah), Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam.