Malaysia
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Enzymes are proteins that can increase the rate of biological changes, such as the ripening of fruit. Papain enzyme is obtained from the green papaya (pawpaw).
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This report provides the results of a review of the evidence that investments in electricity-generating capacity have benefits for poor people, and what factors influence that relationship. The review begins by elucidating a theory to break down the causal chain between additional renewable electricity generation capacity and poverty impacts in four stages or links, which can be formulated as four research questions: (1) What is the link between increased renewable electricity capacity and higher availability and reliability of supply?
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Chilli is the most popular spice in the world and a native to Mexico, but now grown in most parts of the world. There are at least 150 different types.
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The proposed hierarchy of production forest management provides a modus operandi for forest concessions to move incrementally towards sustainable forest management via reduced-impact logging (RIL) and forest certification. RIL carbon registration components consist of developing a credible baseline, additionality and leakage arguments around the business-as-usual scenario by quantifying historical forest inventory and production records, forest infrastructure records and damage to the residual forest.
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This study is part of the International Energy Agency's (IEA) ongoing analysis of global renewable energy markets and policies, building on the key principles for effective policy design identified in "Deploying Renewables: Principles for Effective Policies" (2008). This paper examines the situation in 6 of the 10 countries that comprise the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. In 2007, ASEAN-6 represented more than 95% of energy demand in southeast Asia.
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Women and men, owning to their gendered responsibilities, possess unique knowledge sets about forest resources. This knowledge can be applied to achieving successful sustainable forest management. Accrediting this unique knowledge provides both legitimate recognition of their engagement in decision-making processes and equitable share of benefits.
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This paper examines strategies for carbon sequestration, and how this is provided for under the Kyoto Protocol, with particularly attention to Malaysia's carbon sequestration strategies. Carbon sequestration is a significant technique that plays a major role in bringing down global warming. Since it is comparatively cost effective and multi beneficial, "Annex 1" countries of the Kyoto Protocol have shown their interests in initiating carbon sequestration projects with Non-Annex 1 countries.
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Reform of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a key issue in advancing the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM was created with the mutual objectives of providing cost-effective abatement opportunities for industrialized countries and to advance sustainable development in developing countries. Current literature, however, suggests that the CDM is failing to deliver on its promise of a "development dividend". This article compares and contrasts different host-country approval processes and investigates how this is reflected in CDM project quality.