Nicaragua is an energy-poor and agriculture-dependent country. While the cattle and dairy sector is a dominating force among the country’s agricultural sectors, its productive output is remarkably low compared to that of neighbouring countries. Inefficient herding and farm management leads to hygiene issues, high loss of livestock and low production. Most small scale farmers lack access to modern energy. The sector is in dire need of productivity improvements to remain competitive in the region. 

This report estimates and maps the impacts that alternative national and subnational economic incentive structures for reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD+) in Indonesia would have had on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and national and local revenue if they had been in place from 2000 to 2005. Different scenarios have been constructed, using policy improvement measures, to explore reduction of GHG emissions and at the same time generate a programmatic budget surplus.

This report estimates and maps the impacts that alternative national and sub national economic incentive structures for reducing emissions from deforestation (REDD+) in Indonesia would have had on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and national and local revenue had they been in place from 2000 to 2005. Policy improvement measures have been used to construct various scenarios to simultaneously explore reduction of GHG emissions and generate a programmatic budget surplus.

This letter presents a hybrid approach for quantifying the extent and change of primary forest in Sumatra. It includes primary intact and primary degraded classes using a per-pixel supervised classification mapping followed by a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based fragmentation analysis. Loss of Sumatra's primary intact and primary degraded forests was estimated to provide suitable information for the objectives of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD and REDD+) program.