This paper reviews the central role of institutions for climate-smart agriculture (CSA), focusing on the role of institutions in promoting inclusivity, providing information, enabling local level innovation, encouraging investment, and offering insurance to enable smallholders, women, and poor resource-dependent communities to adopt and benefit from CSA. We discuss the role of state, collective action, and market institutions at multiple levels, with particular attention to the importance of local-level institutions and institutional linkages across levels.
Insurance
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Increased severe flooding globally has focused attention on finding practical ways to improve flood risk management. As part of this effort, Zurich Insurance Group (Zurich) launched a global flood resilience program in 2013. This finding highlights a key challenge for any resilience-building efforts: if resilience cannot be empirically verified, how do you empirically measure whether a community is more resilient as a result of your work?
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India’s vulnerability to climate change impacts is profound since around 650 million Indians are dependent on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihoods; around 250 million Indians live along a 7500 km of coastline that is at high risk due to sea level rise and extreme weather events. Maximum number of business are situated near coastal areas and near river /other water bodies, many of the 10,000-odd Indian glaciers are receding at a rapid rate; and deforestation is happening (Garg et. al., 2015)
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This paper explores the opportunities available for financial institutions in low-income housing sustainable energy projects in South Africa. It will consider what contribution the financial sector can make, as well as the terms under which it might do so.
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XacBank is a commercial bank founded in 2001 and headquartered in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. We provide deposit, loan, digital, card, payments services, trade finance and insurance brokerage across our two major business lines of retail and business banking through our branch and digital network. In addition to traditional banking products, XacBank operates on the cutting edge of sustainable finance in fulfillment of its triple-bottom line mission of "people, planet, profit".
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Climate change is recognised as a factor that will increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, notably of droughts and floods to which the agriculture sector is especially exposed.
Agricultural productivity growth and policy development have allowed the sector to better cope with these risks and reduce overall impacts.
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Weather-based insurance products insure farmers against production risks on the basis of a weather index that is highly correlated to local yields. Indemnifications are triggered by prespecified patterns of the index, as opposed to actual yields. This eliminates the requirement
of on-field assessments for indemnification, thereby lowering administrative costs and time. -
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Common across the adaptation components in the INDCs is that adaptation and climate resilience is a high priority that is inextricably linked to development.
As a reflection of this,many countries include unconditional commitments linked to national finance but scaling up all sources of finance will be required to bridge the adaptation finance gap in 2020,
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Agriculture is highly exposed to climate risks, and so climate hazards can have significant negative impacts on agricultural economies.
The Rwandan government’s agriculture-led development agenda reduced the sensitivity of the sector and built adaptive capacity among its workforce but did little to diversify the economy.
Moderate increases in exposure to flood risk from capital investments were outweighed by reductions in sensitivity from productivity gains, soil conservation and irrigation.