This report aims to draw the attention of the international community to the specific risks faced by children in developing countries due to climate variability and extremes, thus making it harder to achieve the child – related MDGs. It analyses the impacts of climate change upon children, and their role in mitigation and adaptation strategies.

This paper presents an exposition of the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) framework and an indicative quantification of its implications. Through a human development lens, it looks at the key issues, challenges and politics in a GDR framework. The authors argue that an emergency climate programme is needed. Such a programe is only possible if the international climate policy impasse is broken, an impasse that arises from the inherent conflict between the climate crisis and the development crisis.

There are currently key deficiencies in international emergency relief and development fields. These discrepancies are associated with issues of emergencies considerably disrupting development processes, and development policies often remaining insensitive to disaster risk.

If children already constitute half of those affected by any emergency, how will they be affected by the growing number of climate change disasters? Using examples of recent disasters and projections of likely impacts of climate change, this report looks at how increasingly frequent and severe natural disasters will specifically affect children. It estimates that over the next decade, up to 175 million children every year will be affected by both 'slow-moving' climate-related natural disasters such as desertification, as well as an anticipated proliferation of small-scale disasters.

Case studies and report to accompany the project: 'Integrating climate change risks and opportunities into national development processes and United Nations country programming’.

A heat wave is generally defined as an extended period of hot and humid weather, although there is no universal definition of the term, and is measured relative to the normal weather in the area. Temperatures that people from a hot climate consider normal could be a heat wave in a cooler area if these are outside the normal climate pattern for that area. With climate change, the frequency and duration of heat waves have gone up, and the world is facing hot days, hot nights, and heat waves more frequently.

This World Bank issues brief succinctly maps out potential climate financing opportunities for cities. It starts with describing the financing challenges and costs of adapting cities to resilient, low carbon development paths. The second section maps out current sources of urban climate finance, noting of case studies where cities have benefitted.

This paper considers the political contexts in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, how these affected the response to the 2011 Horn of Africa emergency, and the implications for future response. Although the Horn of Africa is often seen as a security-challenged region, for good reason, the level of insecurity varies significantly between and within countries. Moreover, the political systems – in terms of governance (and its impact on social and economic mobility and human rights) and of government capacity – in place in the three countries bear little resemblance to each other.