Nationally Determined Contribution and its adaptation targets to build climate resilience of sectors such as health, water management, urban infrastructure and settlement, which are vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change.
Water plays a pivotal role in economic activity and in human well-being. It is essential to food production and in domestic use (drinking, washing, and cooking). Yet the social relations which determine access to, and use of, water are poorly understood. Conflict over water may have far-reaching consequences on social change. This article introduces a framework for analysing different factors in accessing water and applies it to three related issues in Bangladesh. First, extraction of groundwater for irrigation has made many drinking-water hand pumps run dry.
Groundwater is an important resource for livelihoods and food security of billions of people, especially in developing countries of Asia. Despite the significance of groundwater for sustainable development in Asia, it has not always been properly managed, resulting in depletion of the resource. Climate change impacts may add to existing pressure on groundwater resources by impeding recharge capacities in some areas and filling eventual gaps in surface water availability caused by increased variability of precipitation.
Enhancing water productivity is often recommended as a "soft option" in addressing the problem of increasing water scarcity. In this study, authors analysed the water productivity and GHG implications of water reuse through pumping groundwater and creek water, and compare this with gravity-fed canal irrigation in the Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation System (UPRIIS) in the Philippines. Water productivity indicators show that water reuse contributes significantly to water productivity.
This web-based application was developed to assist the aggregation procedure, as well as the gathering and dissemination of information. The GGMN application enables the user to periodically produce online maps showing a regional change of groundwater variables in time.
According to this study, by 2040 population growth, climate variability, and development of urbanization, agriculture, and industry create scenarios in which groundwater extraction is an increasingly larger percentage of the groundwater system. Consumption from agriculture and industry increases extraction rates from less than 1% to 3.8% of mean annual precipitation, which will likely affect the groundwater system. For instance, concentrated pumping in local areas may result in water level declines.