Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application has increased crop productivity and met the food demands of growing populations, but its use efficiency is very low. More than 50% of applied nitrogen is not utilized by crops,posing huge economical costs and environmental concerns. Therefore, fertilizer management should consider optimum time, rates, source and methods of application (the "4Rs" of nutrient stewardship) to increase use efficiency, crop yield, soil health and farm profits and to reduce negative environmental effects.
Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute to coal and charcoal. They are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The most common use of the briquettes are in the developing world, where energy sources are not as widely available. There has been a move to the use of briquettes in the developed world through the use of cofiring, when the briquettes are combined with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler.