To provide quantitative information for the debate on the burden sharing of the European Union target to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2020 by 20 per cent, this report assesses the potential and costs for further mitigation of the non-carbon-dioxide (CO2) GHG emissions beyond the currently agreed policies. It addresses the non-CO2 gases included in the Kyoto protocol [i.e., methane (CH4); nitrous oxide (N2O); and the three F-gases: hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

C40 Cities is a network of the world's mega-cities committed to addressing climate change. In recognition of the fact that the largest cities of the world are the primary contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, the network has conducted research into the co-benefits of sustainable city projects, examining and evaluating case studies from around the world, and across different sectors.

SMARTer2030 is the third instalment in the acclaimed GeSI series of SMART reports, demonstrating the enabling potential of ICT in eight different sectors (from buildings to energy, from transport to agriculture and healthcare), and how ICT solutions can support the transition to a low-carbon economy while delivering business opportunities and improving people's quality of life.

Building on the findings of the GeSI SMARTer2030 report, #SystemTransformation looks at how ICT will be instrumental in the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The report analyzes the current SDGs implementation gaps, identifies the key features that make ICT a fundamental tool to achieve the Goals, and provides a deep-dive into those Goals where the ICT contribution can be most immediate and important.

With more than half the Earth’s population now living in urban areas, some changes in the indoor and outdoor climates of cities are bound to occur. Climate scientists’ greatest concern is traditionally the urban heat island (UHI) effect – city areas where temperatures can be several degrees higher because there is lots of concrete and little blue or green infrastructure like lakes, rivers and parks. But another effect – air flow – can also cause serious health problems.

Developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Cleaner, More Efficient Vehicles Tool provides information and real-world examples of technology and policies used around the globe to improve auto fuel economy.