The linkages between gender, environment and conflict have so far not been studied in detail. Environmental changes and conflicts impact men and women differently because of their gender roles and socio-cultural situation. More often than not, environmental degradation and the consequences of climate change or natural disasters reinforce existing gender inequalities. Gender therefore needs to be systematically mainstreamed to achieve effective conflict prevention. This newsletter contains articles that explore the links between gender, environment and conflict or peace.

Do women work more or less when countries trade more? Do trade expansion and economic liberalisation affect women and men in different ways'? Case studies from Ghana, Uganda, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Jamaica are used in this report to illustrate some of the gender dimensions relating to trade. Present evidence suggests that, under certain conditions, export expansion can benefit certain groups of younger, more educated women. However in general, the rights of women workers to fair terms and conditions of employment need protection.

In the introduction to this publication, ENERGIA policy advisor and editor of this pubication Gail Karlsson writes, “In many developing countries, especially in the poorest areas, most energy currently comes from traditional biomass fuels such as wood, charcoal and agricultural wastes - and collection and managing these fuels is strictly ‘women’s business’.” She calls on national energy and development policy-makers to acknowledge the links between women’s work, national economics and energy; as well as make more gender-focused investments and initiatives, with greater and more diverse invo

A case study of the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme in Pakistan analysing the role of women's organisations (WOs)in community development, and providing suggestions regarding how they might be strengthened.